The Bombing of Tokyo (東京大空襲, Tōkyōdaikūshū) was a series of firebombing air raids by the United States Army Air Forces during the Pacific campaigns of World War II. The raid did little damage to Japan's war capability but was a significant propaganda victory for the United States. Some of their previous practices were ...read more, Mao Zedong, who led the Chinese people through a long revolution and then ruled the nation’s communist government from its establishment in 1949, dies. Jack Hayes, the acting administrator of the State Defense Council acknowledged the problem of apathy commonly on display in the later months of the war: "Here in the northwest we have never lost our fear that the enemy would attempt to utilize our forests and unfavorable periods of weather as a means of attacking us here at home. [16] The first B-29s to arrive dropped bombs in a large X pattern centered in Tokyo's densely populated working class district near the docks in both Koto and Chūō city wards on the water; later aircraft simply aimed near this flaming X. [26], The Operation Meetinghouse firebombing of Tokyo on the night of 9 March 1945 was the single deadliest air raid of World War II,[27] greater than Dresden,[28] Hamburg, Hiroshima, or Nagasaki as single events. 7 April 1945: 101 B-29s bomb the Nakajima aircraft factory again. No long-term damage was done, and Fujita eventually went home to train navy pilots for the rest of the war. Rodden, Robert M.; John, Floyd I.; Laurino, Richard (May 1965). His mission was to drop an incendiary (fire) bomb on the thick forest and cause a massive fire that would shock Americans and divert resources from fighting the war. It was a real madhouse.". The bombs were mostly the 500-pound (230 kg) E-46 cluster bomb which released 38 napalm-carrying M-69 incendiary bomblets at an altitude of 2,000–2,500 ft (610–760 m). During World War II, the Japanese aimed thousands of wind-borne explosives at North America. Almost 90% of the bombs dropped on the home islands of Japan were delivered by this type of bomber. "Establishment of Japanese Relocation Areas,".
[35][36], In 2007, 112 members of the Association for the Bereaved Families of the Victims of the Tokyo Air Raids brought a class action against the Japanese government, demanding an apology and 1.232 billion yen in compensation. Once over forested land, Fujita released the bomb, which struck leaving a crater about three feet in diameter and about one foot deep. [17] Approximately 15.8 square miles (4,090 ha) of the city were destroyed and some 100,000 people are estimated to have died. [34] In 2013, during his second term as prime minister, Abe's cabinet stated that the raids were "incompatible with humanitarianism, which is one of the foundations of international law", but also noted that it is difficult to argue that the raids were illegal under the international laws of the time. 24 February 1945: 229 B-29s plus over 1600 carrier-based planes.
The ingenious design helped them drift along the newly discovered fast moving jet stream at an average elevation of 30,000 feet. By about midnight the attack ended and the enemy vessel sailed off to the west and north. [12], The first such raid was against Kobe on 4 February 1945. Japanese radio propaganda trumpeted the balloon bombs as being incredibly effective and claimed they had killed thousands.
Their suit charged that the Japanese government invited the raid by failing to end the war earlier, and then failed to help the civilian victims of the raids while providing considerable support to former military personnel and their families. In truth, the balloons disrupted routines as officials chased after sightings and reports, but failed to cause the widespread fires or panic anticipated by the Japanese. [7][8], The key development for the bombing of Japan was the B-29 Superfortress strategic bomber, which had an operational range of 3,250 nautical miles (3,740 mi; 6,020 km) and was capable of attacking at high altitude above 30,000 feet (9,100 m), where enemy defenses were very weak.
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