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It was nearly all bayonet, Sten and grenade fighting. [23] The division was involved in much fighting in this area, with the 158th Brigade detached to fight with the 15th (Scottish) Infantry Division in the Second Battle of the Odon (Operation Greenline) before Operation Goodwood in mid-July. The division history also records the capture of "143 machine guns". From the start of the Hundred Day Offensive until the signing of the armistice on 11 November, the division had advanced 60 miles (97 km), taken 3,102 prisoners, seized 520 machine guns and captured 50 mortars and 43 artillery pieces.

In December 1944, attached to XXX Corps, it was one of the British divisions that took part in the mainly American Battle of the Bulge, helping to cut off the northern tip of the German salient. These five divisions had a combined total of 17,845 men. [166][175] Michael Glover and Jonathan Riley note that while in reserve, the Royal Welch Fusiliers battalions of the 115th Brigade took part in coastal defence duties. The division comprised three infantry brigades. It was during this stage of the fighting that James Llewellyn Davies earned the Victoria Cross (VC).

Bottom row: 113th machine gun company and 113th trench mortar battery. [85] Historian Steven John wrote that the division "regained the honour which it had unjustly lost after their supposed tardiness in the capture of Mametz". In 1915, the division was later numbered the 53rd (Welsh) Division and the brigades became the 158th (North Wales) Brigade the 159th (Cheshire) Brigade and the 160th (Welsh Border) B… [166][172] On 28 October, Major-General Noel Irwin, who had commanded the 2nd Infantry Division during the latter stages of the fighting in France, was given command of the 38th. [71] Until the end of the month, the division was subjected to German artillery fire.

[126], Eight days later, the division returned in preparation for assaulting the Hindenburg Line. The Germans intended to strike the southern British flank, to separate the British and French armies and then move north to engage the bulk of the British forces in France in a vernichtungsschlacht (battle of annihilation). Infantry of 53rd (Welsh) Division in a Kangaroo personnel carrier on the outskirts of Ochtrup, 3 April 1945. [4], In 1915, the Welsh Division was numbered as the 53rd (Welsh) Division and the brigades became, respectively, the 158th (North Wales) Brigade the 159th (Cheshire) Brigade and the 160th (Welsh Border) Brigade. [111] The following day, the 113th Brigade reached the outskirts of Longueval. When they realised Williams was alone they attempted to kill him and re-man their positions. [5], On 19 September 1914, Chancellor of the Exchequer David Lloyd George stated publicly that he "should like to see a Welsh Army in the field". [78][79], Where concrete bunkers were encountered, the troops worked their way around them, cutting the German troops off and forcing them to surrender.

[25] "It was found that with three Battalions of one Regiment in the same Brigade – as in the case of the 158th Brigade with its three Battalions of Royal Welch Fusiliers – difficulties were experienced in providing reinforcements in the event of heavy casualties. Some original battalions were detached early in the First World War to reinforce other divisions. [166][179] On 27 and 28 February, the anti-aircraft platoon of the 4th Battalion, Monmouthshire Regiment, supported Operation Biting, the commando raid on Bruneval, France. It arrived in France with a poor reputation, seen as a political formation that was ill-trained and poorly led. Using what had been learned "thorough previous reconnaissance", in addition to sniping, it was "possible to move about unmolested in exposed trenches or even in the open" in front of the German lines. "[33], The division ended the war in 1945 in Hamburg.

The initial attack by the 115th Brigade failed, in turn impeding the 113th Brigade, which was unable to approach Mortho Wood due to concentrated German machine gun fire. The division took part in the Swan (swift advance) to Belgium where much fighting took place to secure an important bridgehead at the Junction Canal near Lommel. Sheffield credited Cubitt, "a hard-bitten, ruthless 'fire-eater'", for the improved performance of the division during this period, along with the various breaks the division had away from the line when they were able to train and assimilate new knowledge that resulted in "devolution of command" which allowed command flexibility among lower ranks.

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